mineral from the dead sea
» Dead sea alive with mining activity Dead Sea Living with Mining Activity The Dead Sea is proving to be a rich source of minerals, including potassium. The Dead Sea Works is using a method developed by the company to extract these minerals and export them to the world in general. AbstractSKF's relationship with Dead Sea Works and its Israel Chemicals parent company dates back to when SKF was the main DSW bearing supplier and also provided close technical support through its Israeli distributor Muller & Co. Due to demanding applications and the extreme environment, the need for DSW to find ways to optimize your computer is underway. For example, potash granulation plant compacters work in very severe conditions. The bearings are executed under a heavy load of C/P By its name, the Dead Sea barely conjures a sense of prosperity. In biblical times, the desert region, known in Hebrew as the Salt Sea, was largely isolated. The harsh weather, with summer temperatures reaching 45 degrees Celsius in the shade, has made the area largely uninhabitable. But in modern times the Dead Sea, the lowest point on the earth's surface, has become something of a gold mine, its mineral-rich waters that produce billions of dollars of chemicals. Located in the southwest corner of the Dead Sea, just 10 kilometres from the old Masada fortress, it is one of the largest industrial complexes in Israel. It is owned by Israel Chemicals (ICL), a leading international chemical firm. More than 3,000 industrial workers are occupied daily along distances of up to 100 kilometers to work in the huge complex. Potassium and magnesium chloride occurs at the site from the highly salty waters of the sea, which crosses the border between Israel and Jordan. The wealth of the sea has turned Israel and the ICL subsidiary into the fourth largest producer in the potash world, a leading fertilizer. Unique method In most parts of the world, potassium is mined. But Dead Sea Works (DSW) has developed a unique method to extract the mineral from marine water. The technology is based on the use of evaporation ponds that take advantage of the high temperatures of the region and low humidity. The average annual temperature is 35 degrees Celsius, and precipitation is only 50 millimetres a year. Even in winter, daytime temperatures rarely fall below 20 degrees Celsius. "Climate conditions in the Dead Sea allow us to take advantage of the sun and make use of the high level of evaporation to produce potash," says Oded Harel, Operations Manager and Process Engineering at DSW. The mining area of the Dead Sea is surrounded by evaporation ponds of 2 meters. Each pond has about 6 square kilometers of size, and the ponds are divided into two categories: salt ponds and carnallita ponds. The latter forms the basis for potash production. Salt ponds hold the breeze that is not necessary in the industrial production process. The carnallita is removed from the harvesting ponds by a harvester similar to the raft developed by DSW. Managed by two-member equipment, the harvesters are connected to the shore by a network of cables that allow them to maneuver between the various ponds. The process itself works by supplying the carnallita rich mud through an admission valve. The harvester then pumps the lottery into a series of floating pipes that run along the surface of the meat ponds to the shore. Two plants based on cold and hot processes of leach-cristallisation decompose carnallita and make it potassium. The production process continues 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The entire crop cycle to real production takes only five hours. Potash in degrees "We produce three different degrees of potassium, and each one is destined for a different segment of the market," says Eyal Yaffe, DSW plant manager in charge of compaction and logistics. The standard potash, easily recognized by its large crystals, is used for direct agricultural applications. It is mainly used in developing countries where potassium is distributed by hand. The fine crystal potassium is used for the production of downstream products. The third grade, called "granulate", is used in mass whitening and is produced by a compaction process. Once production is finished, potash is stored in huge piles that are clearly visible at the entrance of the extensive complex. "Climate conditions allow us to store material outside and send it as a market condition guarantee," says Eli Amon, DSW sales manager. It adds that the size of potash stacks is a clear indication of the state of the market. These days the batteries are very low. With a very tight market, potash is shipped through the port of the Red Sea of South Israel of Eilat or the Mediterranean port of Ashdod in a matter of days after production. "More than 90 percent of our Dead Sea production is exported to some 60 countries around the world," says Amon. The company's largest markets are Brazil, China, India and Western Europe. Potass demand is growing from 2 to 3 percent a year. However, demand growth in Brazil and China is more than double that. The annual global production of potasa is about 45 million tons. Israel occupies fourth place, after Canada, Russia and Germany. The DSW plant currently produces 3.3 million tons of potash annually. The Dead Sea plant is currently producing full capacity, due to the strong global demand for potash. Over the years the plant has expanded continuously and is now in the process of increasing production to 3.6 million tons. In addition to its plant in the Dead Sea, Israel Chemicals produces 2 million tons in plants in Spain and Great Britain, where potassium is mined using traditional methods. The Dead Sea has another important advantage. Unlike mines around the world, it has an almost unlimited supply of potassium. "There are enough minerals in the Dead Sea to last more than a thousand years," says DSW Harel's operations manager. With such reservations, the Dead Sea will continue to help feed the growing world population for centuries to come. A family matter The day of Natan Besser begins at the crack of dawn. At 6 a.m. he catches a bus from the company that collects workers in Dimona, a city 45 kilometers from the Dead Sea Works. The journey along the wind road leading to the Dead Sea takes little less than an hour. By the time it arrives, the heat is already intense. After adjusting, Besser and his team of 14 workers will enter 4X4 vehicles that take them to the ponds. The teams of two men operate each of the five harvesters that collect the carnallita that serves as the basis for potash production. The other four provide services to operators. Besser says that despite harsh conditions, things have become easier over the years. Today everything, including the harvesters, is heated, he says. But the working hours are hard. With the operation of the day, the workers have 12 days of work and four days off. But "the company," as DSW calls, is a kind of family business for Besser. His father worked there 28 years ago and seven years ago his son joined him. Besser sees DSW as a great place to work and says the company takes care of its workers. "If this weren't the case, you wouldn't find so many family members of the second and third generation working here," he says. 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